Poole on 1 Kings 4:1-19: Solomon's Princes and Officers

Verse 1:[1]  So king Solomon was king over all Israel.

[Reigning over all Israel]  That is, he reigned with great unanimity of all (Vatablus, similarly Martyr).  Or thus:  reigning, etc., namely, from the beginning of his Kingdom, which was not granted to David (certain interpreters in Vatablus).  Or this is attributed to Solomon with respect to his successors, not one of whom thus reigned (Piscator).

Over all Israel:  This is spoken with respect to his successors, who were kings only over a part, and that the smallest part of it.  Or in reference to the times of division and rebellion under David; when part went after David, and part after Ish-bosheth; or part after Absalom, or Sheba, or Adonijah.  But now all Israel were united under Solomon, and adhered to him, not only a part of them; especially since the death of Adonijah and Joab, (who may be suspected to have watched an opportunity of revolting,) and the confinement of Abiathar and of Shimei, (if not his death also,) who could now have little or no interest or opportunity of setting up a party against Solomon, (their principals being taken away, to whom they were but accessaries,) nor in probability any design to attempt it.

Verse 2:[2]  And these were the princes which he had; Azariah the son of Zadok the priest (or, the chief officer[3])…

[Princes]  Chief men, holding the highest offices in court (Menochius).

The princes which he had, that is, the chief rulers or officers belonging to him.

[Azariah the son of Zadok the Priest]  The son, that I, the grandson; for he was the son of Ahimaaz, who was the son of Zadok[4] (Vatablus).  Thus ‎כֹּהֵן/priest is in the Genitive case[5] (Martyr).  [To others it is in the Nominative case.] ‎עֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־צָד֖וֹק הַכֹּהֵֽן, Azariah the priest, the son of Zadok (certain interpreters in Malvenda), so that he might be discharging the office of High Priest together with his father (Malvenda).  Or, he was a priest closer to Solomon, who might abide in his presence, and daily pour out prayers for him, and offer sacrifices (Martyr).  Others thus:  the son of Zadok (not the priest, but some other [Junius]), a principal officer (Junius and Tremellius, Piscator), namely, the highest (Piscator), or, acting the part of the king in the administration of the whole kingdom.  Thus he is distinguished from that principal officer in verse 5[6] (Piscator out of Junius).  ‎כֹּהֵן/prince, understanding, of the princes; that is, the first of the princes of the court of Solomon (Vatablus).  The term כֹּהֵן signifies as much a political as an ecclesiastical chief.  See on 2 Samuel 8:18.[7]  It is not Priest here.  For the princes in the priestly family are indicated at length in verse 4 (Piscator).  Rather it signifies here the most intimate (that is to say, the most holy) of the king (Malvenda).  Others conjoin this with what follows (Martyr); this one was a scribe with the two following men (Menochius).

The son, or, the grandson, by comparing this with 1 Chronicles 6:8, 9.  Of Zadok; either Zadok the priest, 1 Chronicles 6:8, 9, or some other of that name.  The priest; so he was the second priest, or the priest that attended upon Solomon’s person in holy offices and administrations.  But when this sacred writer professeth to give an account of Solomon’s princes, why should he put the second priest, or Solomon’s domestic priest, in the first place? or why should he be mentioned distinctly from his father, who was generally present with Solomon, and could easily, either by himself, or some other fit person or persons appointed by him, manage all the king’s sacred concerns? or why is he named before his father?  Others therefore render this Hebrew word prince, as it is used Genesis 41:45;[8] 47:22,[9] 26;[10] Exodus 2:16;[11] 2 Samuel 8:18.  So he was either the chief in dignity, the first prince, and the highest officer in the state next to the king; or the chief minister of state, by whom the great affairs of state were managed and prepared for the king’s consideration, etc.

Verse 3:[12]  Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes (or, secretaries[13]); (2 Sam. 8:16; 20:24) Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder (or, remembrancer[14]).

[Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes]  What the function of the scribe would be we discussed on 2 Samuel 8:17 (Menochius).  See on Esther 3:12; or, in charge of letters.  In French, Secretaires des commandements, Secretaries of the commandments[15] (Vatablus).  These were writing the decrees of kings down.  David had one scribe (namely, this Shisha, who appears to have set up his sons in this function); but Solomon two, because his kingdom was much more extensive (Martyr).  The duty of Scribes was to read and interpret the Scriptures correctly (Salian in Menochius).

Scribes, that is, secretaries of state.  He chose two, whereas David had but one; either because he observed some inconveniences in trusting all those matters in one hand; or because he had now much more employment than David had, this being a time of great peace and prosperity, and his empire enlarged, and his correspondencies with foreign princes more frequent.

[In charge of the registers, ‎הַמַּזְכִּיר]  The remembrancer, as in 2 Samuel 8:16[16] (Junius, Piscator, thus the Septuagint in Grotius).  He that attends to that office, the μνήμων/remembrancer of Aristophanes’[17] Scholiast in Clouds; Magister memoriæ, Master of memory, among the Latins, those whom the Codex Justinianus[18] mentions in Concerning Exemptions from Duties[19] 10; Remembrancer, among the English; Master of petitions, among the French (Grotius).  See 2 Samuel 8:16.  He was reducing all things into the Acts/Records, Le Greffier, the Registrar.  The Historiographer, who was committing the matters conducted by Solomon to writing (Vatablus).

The recorder; of which see on 2 Samuel 8:16.

Verse 4:[20]  And (1 Kings 2:35) Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the host:  and Zadok and (see 1 Kings 2:27) Abiathar were the priests…

[Over the army]  Master of soldiers (Grotius).

[Zadok and Abiathar were the priests]  Namely, the high priests (Tirinus, Vatablus); that is, the Princes of the priests.  These were two, so that the one might support the other.  One of which was called the primary High Priest; the other, the High Priest, who held the second rank; in French, Le Suffragant, the Suffragan[21] (Vatablus).  They were the primary Priests, in the orders established by David, 1 Chronicles 24 (Junius, Piscator).  Question:  But how is Abiathar put among the priests, who was previously deposed?  Responses:  1.  This was a different Abiathar (certain interpreters in Estius, Kimchi in Martyr).  2.  Thus he is called, because he was formerly such (Serarius in Lapide), and so he was retaining the dignity and name; as Bishops are wont to do, who have resigned the Episcopate (Menochius).  Zadok [was priest] in reality, Abiathar in name only; just as the Vacantes were in the Constantinopolitan Empire[22] (Grotius).  3.  Solomon (being confirmed in the kingdom [Estius]) had recalled him, not indeed to the highest priesthood, but so that he might minister in the temple, and live of the altar, according to the prediction in 1 Samuel 2 (Lyra, Estius).  4.  All Solomon’s officers are here listed, whether those that were at that time, or those that had been, or those that were going to be, as it shall be evident out of verses 11 and 15 (Lapide); some are recorded by Anacephalæosis,[23] with the names and offices repeated; some, finally, by prolepsis, with the narration anticipated, as in verses 11 and 15, where certain men are said to have married the daughters of Solomon, which happened only after many years (Tirinus out of Sanchez).

The priests:  that is, The high priests, to wit, successively, first Abiathar, and then Zadok.  Question:  Why is Abiathar named when he was deposed?  Answer:  First, Because it is ordinary for persons to retain the names and titles of those places which in reality they have lost.  Secondly, Because though he was deposed from the high priesthood, yet he was a priest, and the chief of one of the priestly families:  and as Zadok was jointly named with Abiathar, when Abiathar alone was the high priest, as 2 Samuel 8:17; 20:25; so now Zadok and Abiathar are joined, although the high priesthood was rested in Zadok alone.  Thirdly, Possibly Abiathar, though he was deposed from the supreme priesthood, yet upon his serious repentance, and by the intercession of his friends, was restored to the execution of the priestly office, and put into that place which Zadok enjoyed when Abiathar was high priest.  Fourthly, Some say that here is mention made of all Solomon’s chief officers, both such as now were, and such as had been, and such as were afterwards, as they gather from verses 11 and 15, where two persons are named who married two of Solomon’s daughters, which could not be till many years after this time.

Verse 5:[24]  And Azariah the son of Nathan was over (1 Kings 4:7) the officers:  and Zabud the son of Nathan was (2 Sam. 8:18; 20:26) principal officer, and (2 Sam. 15:37; 16:16; 1 Chron. 27:33) the king’s friend…

[Over those that were attending the king, ‎עַל־הַנִּצָּבִים [25]]  Over the prefects (Munster, Pagnine, Montanus, Vatablus, Tigurinus, Junius, similarly Jonathan, Syriac), or overseers (Arabic), sitarchoi[26] (Junius and Tremellius, Pagnine), those twelve, concerning which verse 7 (Vatablus, thus Munster, Lyra), namely, who were overseers of the royal table (Junius, Piscator, Lyra).  Hebrew:  over those appointed.  A Synecdoche of genus (Piscator).  To him the others were having recourse, rendering an account of the expenses (Martyr).  Others:  over the counselors; the President of the Royal council (Menochius).

Over the officers, or overseers, or surveyors,[27] to wit, over those twelve officers named verse 7,[28] etc., where this Hebrew word is used, who were all subject, and to give up their accounts to him; though the word signifies any governors or commanders of the higher sort, as 1 Kings 5:16;[29] 2 Chronicles 8:10.[30]

[Zabud the son of Nathan was priest (thus Montanus, Munster, Tigurinus, Malvenda, Pagnine), ‎כֹּהֵן]  Prince.  He was the Aularches; that is, the chief of the aulæ/palace (Martyr), president, namely, of the royal council (Junius, Piscator).  Others thus:  the son of Nathan the priest (Jonathan, Syriac, Arabic).

[The king’s friend, ‎רֵעֶה]  Associate, companion (Vatablus), familiar (the Septuagint in Piscator), dear to the King.  Italian, Favorito, Court Favorite; or the name of a certain office (certain interpreters in Menochius); intimate, sharer of secrets (Mariana).  Nathan had raised Solomon; because of which he was honoring his sons (Lyra).

Son of Nathan, the prophet, who had been so highly instrumental in Solomon’s establishment in the throne.  Principal officer; possibly president of the king’s council.  The Hebrew word is ‎כֹּהֵן/cohen, which, verse 2, is rendered priest; whence some read this place thus:  Zabud the son of Nathan the priest, or the minister, (as the word properly signifies, and that title well enough agrees to a prophet; or the prince, for the prophet Nathan was a man considerable both for his quality, and for his honour and esteem with the king,) was the king’s friend.  The king’s friend; either his special favourite, both for his father’s sake and for his own, having, it seems, been brought up with him; or his confidant, with whom he used to communicate his most secret counsels.

Verse 6:[31]  And Ahishar was over the household:  and (1 Kings 5:14) Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute (or, levy[32]).

[The overseer of the household (thus Vatablus)]  The great master of the palace (Junius, Piscator).  Steward (the Septuagint in Piscator).  The mayor of the house, who would receive into the number of courtiers, and exclude from the palace (Martyr).  Count of the Imperial Private Estates at Constantinople[33] (Grotius).

Over the household; steward of the king’s household.

[Over the tribute]  That is, he was in charge of the exaction of tribute (Vatablus, Menochius).  ‎עַל־הַמַּס, over tribute (Pagnine, Piscator), that is, personal tribute.  A Synecdoche of genus (Piscator).  Count of the Sacred Largesses[34] (Grotius); prefect of the levy,[35] concerning whom in 1 Kings 5:14 (Junius, Piscator).

Over the tribute, to wit, the personal tribute, or the levy of men, as appears by comparing this with 1 Kings 5:13, 14, it being very fit that there should be some one person to whom the chief conduct or inspection of that great business was committed.

Verse 7:[36]  And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household:  each man his month in a year made provision.

[Prefects]  Hebrew:  men appointed[37] [as previously], unless you prefer, arrangers, that is, who were setting in order the kitchen of the king.  And thus the Pharisees are called פְרוּשִׁים/Pherushim, that is, Explainers,[38] in the passive voice[39] (Piscator).

[Who were in charge of the year’s provision for the king, ‎וְכִלְכְּל֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ [40]]  Who were nourishing the king (Pagnine, Vatablus).  They were supplying necessities for him (Vatablus).  Neither do they appear to have taken the year’s provision for free, but were paying the full value.  Now, the distribution of these officers was made according to the fertility of the fields; but they were not distributed by tribes; since the tribes were equal neither in magnitude nor in fertility (Martyr).

Verse 8:[41]  And these are their names:  The son of Hur (or, Ben-hur[42]), in mount Ephraim…

[Ben-hur, בֶּן־חוּר]  The son of Hur.  He called them by the names of their fathers, because they were more well-known; but was in charge of, was remaining in, was governing, was administrating, is to be understood (Vatablus).

Ben-hur:  This and others of them are denominated from their fathers, because they were known and famous in their generation.

Verse 9:[43]  The son of Dekar (or, Ben-dekar[44]), in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan…

[In Makaz[45]]  In the tract that had fallen to the tribe of Dan, sharing a border with the Philistines:[46]  whence the name has what sounds like end, as if it would express, the tract marking the boundary (Junius).

[And in Elon, and in Beth-hanan]  Hebrew:  and Elon Beth-hanan;[47] that is, and in Elon, which was situated in a place called Beth-hanan (Vatablus).

Elon-beth-hanan:  Or, Elon, the house or dwelling-place of Hanan; and Hanan may be a man’s name and this place may be so differenced from other Elons.  Or, the plain (for so the Hebrew word signifies[48]) of Beth-hanan.

Verse 10:[49]  The son of Hesed (or, Ben-hesed[50]), in Aruboth; to him pertained Sochoh, and all the land of Hepher…

[In Aruboth]  The name of a tract in Judah (Junius).

[Sochoh]  Concerning which Joshua 15:35 (Junius).  There were two, one in the plain, Josua 15:35, the other in the mountain, Joshua 15:48; but they were near together (Malvenda).

There were two Sochohs, but both near together.  See Joshua 15:35, 48.

[The land of Hepher]  Another tract of Judah, possessed by Hepher, the son of Ashur, 1 Chronicles 4:5, 6 (Junius).  Therefore, he is not the same as Hepher of Zebulun, Joshua 19:13 (Malvenda).

The land of Hepher, in Judah.  See 1 Chronicles 4:6.

Verse 11:[51]  The son of Abinadab (or, Ben-abinadab[52]), in all the region of Dor; which had Taphath the daughter of Solomon to wife…

[Nephath Dor (thus the Syriac, Arabic), ‎נָ֣פַת דֹּ֑אר]  The height (tract [Junius and Tremellius, Piscator], border [Pagnine, Munster, Tigurinus], regions [Jonathan]) of Dor (Montanus).  In Manasseh on the near side of Jordan, Joshua 17:11 (Junius, Malvenda).

The region of Dor, in Manasseh within Jordan, where also were Taanach, Megiddo, and Beth-shean, verse 12.

[The daughter of Solomon]  This is said by way of anticipation; for he was not yet able to have daughters of marriageable age (Menochius out of Lyra, Hebrews in Martyr, Sanchez).

Verse 12:[53]  Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Beth-shean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam…

[Taanach and Megiddo]  In Manasseh on the near side of Jordan (Malvenda out of Junius).  There also is the following Beth-shean (Malvenda).

[By Zartanah]  Concerning which see Joshua 3:16 (Junius, Malvenda).

Zartanah beneath Jezreel, which was in Issachar.  And this seems added to distinguish it from that Zartanah, Joshua 3:16.

[Unto Abel-meholah]  Concerning which Judges 7:22 (Junius, Malvenda).

[Jennaan]  Jokneam,[54] in the border of Zebulun, Joshua 19:11; 21:34 (Junius).

Verse 13:[55]  The son of Geber (or Ben-geber[56]), in Ramoth-gilead; to him pertained (Num. 32:41) the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained (Deut. 3:4) the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with walls and brasen bars…

In Ramoth-gilead; Ramoth in the land of Gilead, Deuteronomy 4:43; Joshua 20:8; 1 Kings 22:3; so called to difference it from Ramoth in Issachar, 1 Chronicles 6:73.

[Avoth Jair[57]]  It is a proper name (Mariana).  The villages (hamlets [Jonathan in Mariana], towns [Septuagint in Mariana]) of Jair (Junius and Tremellius).  Concerning which Numbers 32:41 (Junius, Mariana), and Deuteronomy 3:14.  These were comprehending those that are following in this verse (Mariana), all which are added διακριτικῶς, by way of distinction, lest these things be understood of those other villages of Jair, concerning which Judges 10:4 (Junius).

Jair; in Manasseh beyond Jordan.  See Numbers 32:41; Deuteronomy 3:14.

[Great cities and walled, etc., ‎חוֹמָ֖ה וּבְרִ֥יחַ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃]  Verbatim:  a wall and a brasen bar (Montanus); cities fortified with walls and bars of bronze (Munster, thus Pagnine), or iron (Junius and Tremellius); with walls, bars, and bolts (Tigurinus); with walls, and gates of bronze with their bars (or bolts [Syriac]) (Arabic, Syriac).  By brasen bars I understand gates reinforced with bars (Vatablus in Tigurinus Notes).

[Which were having brasen bolts (Vulgate)]  Of the ancient manner (Grotius).

Great cities with walls and brasen bars:  this is added by way of distinction from those towns of Jair; for being without Jordan, they were liable to the attempts of their enemies.

Verse 14:[58]  Ahinadab the son of Iddo had Mahanaim (or, to Mahanaim[59])…

The city and territory of Mahanaim; of which see Genesis 32:2; Joshua 13:26.  But this seems too narrow a compass for one of these great officers, and unequal to the rest; although these portions seem not to be distributed into equal portions of land, but into larger or lesser parts, according to their fertility or barrenness.  And this seems to have been a very fruitful place.  See 2 Samuel 17:27-29.  Or, to Mahanaim.  So he may understand all the space from the parts last mentioned to Mahanaim, which was in the tribe of Gad.

Verse 15:[60]  Ahimaaz was in Naphtali; he also took Basmath the daughter of Solomon to wife…

Verse 16:[61]  Baanah the son of Hushai was in Asher and in Aloth…

[In Baloth, ‎וּבְעָלוֹת [62]]  And in Aloth (Montanus, thus Malvenda, Jonathan, Syriac, Arabic, Munster, Tigurinus, Pagnine); in the upper parts; that is, in the mountains, part of which was pertaining to Dan, part to Asher:  part had been recently acquired by Solomon, 2 Chronicles 8 (Junius).

Verse 17:[63]  Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah, in Issachar…

Verse 18:[64]  Shimei the son of Elah, in Benjamin…

The son of Elah; which he adds to distinguish him from that cursed and cursing Shimei, 2 Samuel 16:5.

Verse 19:[65]  Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in (Deut. 3:8) the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land.

[In the land of Gilead]  That is, the rest of that, which he mentioned above in verse 13 (Malvenda out of Junius).

In the country of Gilead, that is, in the remaining part of that land of Gilead, which was mentioned above, verse 13.

[Over all things that were in that land, ‎וּנְצִ֥יב אֶחָ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃]  And one prefect that was in that land (Montanus).  And he was the sole prefect that was put in charge of that land (Pagnine, similarly Tigurinus, Junius and Tremellius, Mariana, Vatablus), or, in that whole region (Vatablus); which had belonged to two kings (Junius, Grotius); that is to say, although it was exceedingly large (Osiander).  He was the one prefect, who was throughout the whole land (Munster).  In addition he was the one that was put in charge of the whole land, understanding, of Israel; namely, to whom were subject those twelve prefects (certain interpreters in Vatablus).  Therefore, these prefects had entered upon the possession of the land (Syriac).  And each of these overseers was devoted to his own land and dominion (Arabic).

In the land, or rather, in that land;[66] for the Hebrew points intimate that the emphatical article is there understood, to wit, in all Gilead, excepting the parcels mentioned before, in all the territories of Sihon and Og; which because they were of large extent, and yet all committed to this one man, it is here noted concerning him as his privilege above the rest, whose jurisdictions were of a narrower extent.

[1] Hebrew:  ‎וַיְהִי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס

[2] Hebrew:  ‎וְאֵ֥לֶּה הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ עֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־צָד֖וֹק הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס

[3] Hebrew:  ‎הַכֹּהֵן.

[4] 1 Chronicles 6:8, 9.

[5] That is, further describing Zadok.

[6] 1 Kings 4:5:  “And Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers:  and Zabud the son of Nathan was principal officer (‎כֹּהֵן), and the king’s friend…”

[7] 2 Samuel 8:18:  “And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David’s sons were chief rulers (‎כֹּהֲנִים).”

[8] Genesis 41:45:  “And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnath-paaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On (‎כֹּהֵ֥ן אֹ֖ן, prince of On).  And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt.”

[9] Genesis 47:22:  “Only the land of the priests (‎הַכֹּהֲנִים/princes) bought he not; for there was a portion to the priests (‎לַכֹּהֲנִים, to the princes) assigned them of Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh gave them:  wherefore they sold not their lands.”

[10] Genesis 47:26:  “And Joseph made it a law over the land of Egypt unto this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth part; except the land of the priests (‎הַכֹּהֲנִים, the princes) only, which became not Pharaoh’s.”

[11] Exodus 2:16:  “Now to the priest of Midian (‎וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן, to the prince of Midian) were seven daughters:  and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.”

[12] Hebrew:  ‎אֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף וַאֲחִיָּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י שִׁישָׁ֖א סֹפְרִ֑ים יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־אֲחִיל֖וּד הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃

[13] Hebrew:  ‎סֹפְרִים.

[14] Hebrew:  ‎הַמַּזְכִּיר.

[15] In the French court of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries onward, secrétaires des commandements du roi were high-ranking royal secretaries who handled the king’s commandments, including his orders, decrees, letters, and official dispatches.

[16] 2 Samuel 8:16:  “And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder (‎מַזְכִּיר)…”

[17] Aristophanes (c. 448-c. 385 BC) was an Athenian comic playwright.

[18] The Codex Justinianus is the first major part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, a comprehensive collection of Roman law commissioned by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the sixth century.

[19] De Excusationibus Munerum.

[20] Hebrew:  ‎וּבְנָיָ֥הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֖ע עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וְצָד֥וֹק וְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִֽים׃ ס

[21] A Suffragan Bishop was a subordinate bishop under an archbishop.

[22] Vacantes refers to the merely titular holders of bishoprics that were vacant or suppressed in reality.

[23] That is, Recapitulation.

[24] Hebrew:  ‎וַעֲזַרְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־נָתָ֖ן עַל־הַנִּצָּבִ֑ים וְזָב֧וּד בֶּן־נָתָ֛ן כֹּהֵ֖ן רֵעֶ֥ה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

[25] נָצַב, in the Niphal Conjugation, signifies to stand, to be stationed, or to be appointed (over).

[26] That is, overseers of provisions.

[27] Hebrew:  ‎עַל־הַנִּצָּבִים.

[28] 1 Kings 4:7:  “And Solomon had twelve officers (‎נִצָּבִים) over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household:  each man his month in a year made provision.”

[29] 1 Kings 5:16:  “Beside the chief of Solomon’s officers (‎הַנִּצָּבִים) which were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work.”

[30] 2 Chronicles 8:10:  “And these were the chief of king Solomon’s officers (‎הַנְּצִיבִים), even two hundred and fifty, that bare rule over the people.”

[31] Hebrew:  ‎וַאֲחִישָׁ֖ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וַאֲדֹנִירָ֥ם בֶּן־עַבְדָּ֖א עַל־הַמַּֽס׃ ס

[32] Hebrew:  ‎הַמַּס.

[33] This title belongs to a high-ranking official in the early Byzantine Empire (fourth-seventh centuries), responsible for administering the emperor’s personal estates and wealth.

[34] The Count of the Sacred Largesses was a financial official in the Late Roman and early Byzantine Empire.  He managed revenues from taxes and imperial expenditures, and supervised the treasury.

[35] Also an officer in the Late Roman Empire.

[36] Hebrew:  ‎ולִשְׁלֹמֹ֞ה שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֤ר נִצָּבִים֙ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִלְכְּל֥וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְאֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ חֹ֧דֶשׁ בַּשָּׁנָ֛ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עַל־אֶחָ֖ד לְכַלְכֵּֽל׃ ס

[37] Hebrew:  ‎נִצָּבִים.  נָצַב, in the Niphal (passive) Conjugation, signifies to stand, to be stationed, or to be appointed (over).

[38] פָּרַשׁ can signify to separate or divide, or to explain.

[39] Qal, passive participle.

[40] כּוּל, in the Pilpel Conjugation, signifies to support or nourish.

[41] Hebrew:  ‎וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמוֹתָ֔ם בֶּן־ח֖וּר בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ ס

[42] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־חוּר.

[43] Hebrew:  ‎בּן־דֶּ֛קֶר בְּמָקַ֥ץ וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְאֵיל֖וֹן בֵּ֥ית חָנָֽן׃ ס

[44] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־דֶּקֶר.

[45] Hebrew:  ‎בְּמָקַץ.  קֵץ signifies end or extremity.

[46] That is, in the southwest.

[47] Hebrew:  ‎וְאֵיל֖וֹן בֵּ֥ית חָנָֽן׃.

[48] אֵלוֹן/elon can signify an oak, or a plain.

[49] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־חֶ֖סֶד בָּֽאֲרֻבּ֑וֹת ל֥וֹ שֹׂכֹ֖ה וְכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ חֵֽפֶר׃ ס

[50] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־חֶסֶד.

[51] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־אֲבִֽינָדָ֖ב כָּל־נָ֣פַת דֹּ֑אר טָפַת֙ בַּת־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה הָ֥יְתָה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס

[52] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־אֲבִינָדָב.

[53] Hebrew: ‎בַּעֲנָא֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיל֔וּד תַּעְנַ֖ךְ וּמְגִדּ֑וֹ וְכָל־בֵּ֣ית שְׁאָ֡ן אֲשֶׁר֩ אֵ֙צֶל צָרְתַ֜נָה מִתַּ֣חַת לְיִזְרְעֶ֗אל מִבֵּ֤ית שְׁאָן֙ עַ֚ד אָבֵ֣ל מְחוֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד מֵעֵ֥בֶר לְיָקְמֳעָֽם׃ ס

[54] Hebrew:  יָקְמְעָם.

[55] Hebrew: ‎בּן־גֶּ֖בֶר בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֑ד ל֡וֹ חַוֹּת֩ יָאִ֙יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּגִּלְעָ֗ד ל֚וֹ חֶ֤בֶל אַרְגֹּב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן שִׁשִּׁים֙ עָרִ֣ים גְּדֹל֔וֹת חוֹמָ֖ה וּבְרִ֥יחַ נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ ס

[56] Hebrew:  ‎בֶּן־גֶּבֶר.

[57] Hebrew:  ‎חַוֹּת֩ יָאִ֙יר.

[58] Hebrew: אֲחִֽינָדָ֥ב בֶּן־עִדֹּ֖א מַחֲנָֽיְמָה׃

[59] Hebrew:  ‎מַחֲנָיְמָה.  Note the directional ה on the end.

[60] Hebrew:  ‎אחִימַ֖עַץ בְּנַפְתָּלִ֑י גַּם־ה֗וּא לָקַ֛ח אֶת־בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

[61] Hebrew:  ‎בַּֽעֲנָא֙ בֶּן־חוּשָׁ֔י בְּאָשֵׁ֖ר וּבְעָלֽוֹת׃ ס

[62] עָלָה signifies to ascend.

[63] Hebrew:  ‎יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־פָּר֖וּחַ בְּיִשָׂשכָֽר׃ ס

[64] Hebrew:  ‎שִׁמְעִ֥י בֶן־אֵלָ֖א בְּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ ס

[65] Hebrew:  ‎גֶּ֥בֶר בֶּן־אֻרִ֖י בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֶ֜רֶץ סִיח֣וֹן׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֗י וְעֹג֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן וּנְצִ֥יב אֶחָ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃

[66] Hebrew:  ‎בָּאָֽרֶץ׃.