De Moor IX:9: The Angelic Faculty of Will
- Dr. Dilday
- Sep 5
- 2 min read

In addition to Intellect, Angels or Rational Spirits enjoy a Free Will, which, nevertheless, 1. as is the case with all Creatures, is Dependent on the Creator: 2. no longer Indifferent with respect to Objects, but in Good Angels, by the confirmation of God, is determined only to good, but in Evil Angels, by the just desertion of God on account of their sin, only to evil: although it appears otherwise to the Remonstrants, to whom there is no true Obedience unless furnished by a subject indifferent in such a way that the contrary disobedience is also able to be compatible with that, whence according to them Good Angels always have to remain so Indifferent to good or evil, that they are also able to will evil. Thus the Apologia Remonstrantium, chapter XVII, page 190b: What things are subjoined concerning Angels are not so important that they deserve to be refuted. For the Remonstrants think that one or the other has to be concluded, either that Angels, who are now in heaven, are not able not to gratify the divine will, or that they are able to do otherwise. If the former be asserted, then the Remonstrants say, that that obedience, if I might so call it, is not obedience properly so called, or obedience formally, as they say, but only materially. If the latter be asserted, then they say that the whole force of the argument is lost, which is adduced by the Censor from their example. But TRIGLAND[1] replies, Antapologia, chapter XXXII, page 441: Let that subtle master explain what obedience is formally, what it is materially, and what is the difference between them: so that he might show what is wanting to the obedience of Angels, on account of which formally obedience ought not to be affirmed. Obedience formally so called, with all judging sanely, is that whereby obedience is yielded to the commandments of the one giving instruction, with that end, and with that desire, that His will might be done, and what is pleasing to Him might be rendered. Now, thus do the Angels fulfill the commandments of God, sincerely, readily, swiftly. For which reason also their obedience is set before us as an example, to which our obedience ought to be conformed, Matthew 6:10.
Desire is also attributed to them. Of course, Affections are also attributed to Angels; although properly they are wanting to them with all Bodily Motions, Spiritual Acts and Passions corresponding to these are applicable to them. This is indicated by the things ascribed to them with desire, 1 Peter 1:12, namely, joy, Luke 15:10, lusts, John 8:44, enmity, Genesis 3:15, fear of God the Judge, James 2:19, wrath, Revelation 12:12, etc.
[1] Jacobus Trigland the Elder (1583-1654) was a Dutch Reformed pastor and theologian. He was deputed by the Synod of North Holland to the Synod of Dort; he was a member of the committee appointed to draw up the Canons of Dort. In 1633, Trigland became Professor of Theology at Leiden.
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